Black Christmas (1974 film)

Black Christmas (also released under the titles Silent Night, Evil Night, and Stranger in the House[1][2]) is a 1974 Canadian independent horror film directed by Bob Clark and written by A. Roy Moore. It stars Olivia Hussey, Keir Dullea, Margot Kidder, Andrea Martin, Marian Waldman and John Saxon. The story follows a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered during the holiday season, by a killer hiding in their sorority house. It was inspired by a series of murders that took place in the Westmount section of Montreal, in the province Quebec, Canada.

Black Christmas is generally considered to be one of the first slasher films.[3] A remake of the same name, produced by Clark, was released in December 2006.

Contents
[hide]
 * 1 Plot
 * 2 Cast
 * 2.1 Uncredited
 * 3 Development
 * 4 Production
 * 5 Release
 * 5.1 Home media release
 * 6 Critical reception
 * 7 Awards and nominations
 * 8 Cult status
 * 9 Remake
 * 10 See also
 * 11 References
 * 12 External links

Plot[edit]
A disoriented man climbs up into the attic of a sorority house while the occupants hold a Christmas party. Jess Bradford (Olivia Hussey) receives an obscene phone call from "the moaner," a man who has recently been calling the house. After she calls sorority friends Barb Coard (Margot Kidder), Phyllis Phyl Carlson (Andrea Martin), Clare Harrison (Lynne Griffin) and the several other girls into the room to listen, he starts saying very perverted things to them, until Barb provokes the caller, to which he replies, "I'M GOING TO KILL YOU," then hangs up. Barb and Clare then begin to argue about the things she said to him, and Barb ends up rudely commenting on Clare's innocent nature. Offended, Clare goes upstairs to finish packing for her trip home. She hears Claude the cat's cries and goes to investigate. Clare is attacked and asphyxiated with plastic dry cleaning covering over her head. Her dead body is carried up into the attic, where the killer places her in a rocking chair next to the window and puts a doll in her lap.

The next day, Clare's father arrives to take her home for the holidays. When she is not at their appointed meeting place, he goes to the sorority house. The housemother, Mrs. Mac (Marian Waldman), can not help him, and neither can Phyl or Barb. Meanwhile, Jess meets her boyfriend, Peter Smythe (Keir Dullea), a neurotic aspiring pianist, at the piano recital hall to inform him that she is pregnant and wants to have an abortion. Peter is upset and urges her to discuss the situation with him more later but she refuses. Elsewhere, Mr. Harrison, Barb, and Phyl go to the police to report Clare's disappearance. Sgt. Nash dismisses the report and says that Clare is probably with a lover.

Clare's boyfriend, Chris (Art Hindle), is informed by Jess about the disappearance and Sgt. Nash's unwillingness to help; they rush back to the police station to discuss it with Lt. Kenneth Fuller (John Saxon). A mother reports that her daughter, Janice, is missing as well. That evening, Mr. Harrison, Chris, and the sorority sisters (except for Barb, who got drunk during dinner and was sent to bed, and Mrs. Mac, who has a taxi scheduled to pick her up for the holidays) join a search party aiming to find Janice or Clare. Back at the house, Mrs. Mac is packing her bags to leave for Christmas break and hears Claude's meows in the attic and goes to investigate. She stares in horror as she discovers Clare's body, but the killer launches a crane hook, stabbing Mrs. Mac in the neck and forcefully dragging her into the attic. The long awaited taxi driver, not realizing that Mrs. Mac has been killed, becomes impatient and goes knocking on the door and then leaves.

After one search party finds Janice's dead body, Jess returns home and receives another obscene call. Jess phones the police to report it and suddenly becomes impatient. Peter arrives and argues with Jess about her planned abortion. He leaves after Lt. Fuller arrives to discuss the phone calls. A technician places a tap "bug tracer" onto the sorority house phone. Lt. Fuller also reminds Jess and Phyl that there will be an officer in his car stationed outside the house. Minutes later, the killer appears in Barb's room and stabs her to death with a glass unicorn ornament but door-to-door Christmas carolers drown out the noise of the attack. Jess receives another obscene call that quotes a part of the argument she had with Peter. She now suspects Peter of being the caller, but then she and Phyl conclude that it cannot be him, since Peter was present during one of the earlier calls.

Phyl goes upstairs to bed, deciding to check on Barb first. As she enters the room, the killer suddenly shuts the door behind her and murders her off-screen. Another call comes in, and this time, Jess manages to keep the caller on the phone for a minute, allowing the police to trace it inside the house (from Mrs. Mac's separate phone line). Jess is ordered to leave the house immediately but she puts down the phone and yells up to Barb and Phyl. At the police station, Lt. Fuller is informed of the situation and leaves for the house. Jess arms herself with a fireplace poker and ventures upstairs, finding both Barb and Phyl's dead bodies. Then, in possibly the most infamous moment of the film, Jess sees the killer spying on her through the door crack, telling her not to Tell what we did, Agnes.., before she slams the door on him. The killer then attacks Jess and chases her through the house before Jess locks herself in the cellar. Peter appears outside a basement window, telling Jess he heard screaming. He breaks the glass and enters. Jess, believing him to be the attacker, backs into a corner as he approaches.

Lt. Fuller and the police arrive and find the officer stationed outside dead in his car with his throat slashed. When they hear Jess scream, they rush inside and find Jess in the basement with Peter, whom she has bludgeoned to death in self-defense. Jess is sedated as Fuller and the officers discuss how Peter must have been the killer all along. They also discuss the fact that Clare still has not been found, revealing that the attic has not been searched. The officers leave Jess to sleep in her bed, stating that a man will be right outside the front door. Once the house is quiet, the camera pans from Jess's room to the attic ladder and up, with Clare and Mrs. Mac's bodies still unfound, untouched. the killer says "Agnes, it's me Billy". The camera pulls back to show the outside of the house. The film ends as the telephone begins to ring as the credits roll.

Cast[edit]

 * Olivia Hussey – Jess
 * Keir Dullea – Peter
 * Margot Kidder – Barb
 * John Saxon – Lt. Fuller
 * Marian Waldman – Mrs. Mac
 * Andrea Martin – Phyl
 * James Edmond – Mr. Harrison
 * Douglas "Doug" McGrath – Sergeant Nash
 * Arthur "Art" Hindle – Chris
 * Lynne Griffin – Clare
 * Michael Rapport – Patrick
 * Leslie "Les" Carlson – Graham
 * Martha Gibson – Mrs. Quaife
 * John Rutter – Laughing Detective
 * Robert Warner – Doctor
 * Syd Brown – Farmer
 * Jack Van Evera – Search Party
 * Les Rubie – Search Party
 * Marcia Diamond – Woman
 * Pam Barney – Jean
 * Robert Hawkins – Wes
 * David Clement – Cogan (as Dave Clement)
 * Julian Reed – Jennings
 * Dave Mann – Cop
 * John Stoneham Sr. – Cop (as John Stoneham)
 * Danny Gain – Cop
 * Tom Foreman – Cop

Uncredited[edit]

 * John 'Frenchie' Berger – Man on snowmobile
 * Bob Clark – Prowler Shadow / Phone Voice
 * Nick Mancuso – The Prowler / Phone Voice
 * Debi Weldon – Sorority Girl
 * Michael J Eaton – boy on Santa's lap

Development[edit]
Canadian Roy Moore wrote the screenplay; he based it on a series of murders in Montreal, Quebec. However, there has been speculation over the years as to whether the screenplay was actually inspired by The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs urban legend as opposed to real events. Moore died in the late 1980s and was never interviewed about the film. The script was originally titled "Stop Me" and was partially typed and partially handwritten.[4] Moore submitted the screenplay to director Bob Clark. Clark made several alterations in dialogue, camera placement and added some notes. On the final page of the screenplay was a hand written note by Clark calling it "a damn good script". The original screenplay in its entirety was released as a DVD-ROM feature on one of the film's DVD releases.

Production[edit]
Filming of Black Christmas began in early 1974 over an 8-week time schedule in Toronto, Ontario and several scenes were shot around Annesley Hall National Historic Site. The film's budget of $620,000 was shot in 35mm format with Panavision cameras. Cameraman Albert J. Dunk created the POV camera shot by mounting a camera onto his back and creeping around the house. He crawled up the housing trellis in the beginning of the film as well. According to Bob Clark, due to the surprisingly light snowfall, most of the snow scenes outside of the sorority house were made of foam material provided by a local fire department. The house used for the sorority residence was filmed on location in Toronto; it is now a private home.

The role of Mrs. Mac was offered to Bette Davis. The role of Peter was originally offered to Malcolm McDowell, but he turned it down. The role of Lieutenant Fuller was originally supposed to be played by Edmond O'Brien, but due to failing health he had to be replaced. John Saxon was brought in at the last minute. Gilda Radner was offered the role of Phyllis Carlson. She was attached, but dropped out one month before filming began owing to Saturday Night Live commitments. The composer of the film's score, Carl Zittrer, stated in an interview that he created the film's mysterious music by tying forks, combs and knives onto the strings of the piano in order to warp the sound of the keys. Zittrer also stated that he would distort the sound further by recording its sound onto an audio tape and make the sound slower. The audio for the disturbing phone calls was performed by actor Nick Mancuso, director Bob Clark and an unknown actress. Mancuso stated in an interview that he would stand on his head during the recording sessions to make his voice sound more demented.

During preparation in 1975 for the film's American release, Warner Bros. studio executives asked Clark to change the concluding scene to show Claire's boyfriend, Chris, appear in front of Jess and say, "Agnes, don't tell them what we did" before killing her, however, Clark insisted on keeping the ending ambiguous. The original title of the film was initially planned to be Stop Me. Clark has stated in an interview that he came up with the film's official title, saying that he enjoyed the irony of a dark event occurring during a festive holiday. According to Clark as well, Warner Bros. changed the title to Silent Night, Evil Night, for the U. S. theatrical release. During later television broadcasting, the film's title was changed to Stranger in the House, however, it was cancelled due to broadcasters deeming it "too scary" for television broadcast.[4]

Release[edit]
Black Christmas was officially released on October 11, 1974, in Canada through Ambassador Film Distributors, and in the United States on December 20, 1974, through Warner Bros.,[5] where it grossed $4,053,000. It was released in October 1975 in New York City and Chicago,[6] and previously played under the title Silent Night, Evil Night in Virginia in July 1975.[7] and grossed over $4,053,00 internationally, managing to earn more than the film's budget of $620,000.[citation needed] When released in the UK, the BBFC had the word "cunt" removed, as well as several other crude and sexual references during the first obscene phone call.[4]

Home media release[edit]
Two editions of the DVD release of the film have been specially designed. A bare-bones release was released on 6 November 2001. The release was followed by a collector's edition that was released on 3 December 2002, containing a making-of documentary, behind-the-scenes footage and more bonus content. Critical Mass and Alliance Atlantis released a special edition on 5 December 2006, before the theatrical release of the remake of the film on Christmas day, containing extra and similar bonus content to the previous collector's edition, including interviews with stars Olivia Hussey and Margot Kidder. A Blu-ray edition of the film was released on 11 November 2008.

Critical reception[edit]
The film has since received generally positive reviews from modern critics. According to the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 63% "fresh" score based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2 out of 10.[8] Heidi Martinuzzi of Film Threat called the film "innovative" and praised the leading actresses, Olivia Hussey and Margot Kidder.[9]

However upon its initial release, the film had garnered mixed reviews. A writer for The New York Times scored the film a 1 out of 5, calling it "a whodunit that begs the question of why it was made."[10]

Awards and nominations[edit]

 * Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films
 * 1976: Nominated, "Best Horror Film"
 * Canadian Film Awards
 * 1975: Won, "Best Sound Editing in a Feature" – Kenneth Heeley-Ray
 * 1975: Won, "Best Performance by a Lead Actress" – Margot Kidder
 * Edgar Allan Poe Awards
 * 1976: Nominated, "Best Motion Picture" – A. Roy Moore

Cult status[edit]
The film eventually gained a cult following, and is notable for being one of the first slasher films and inspiring films such as Friday the 13th and John Carpenter's Halloween. The film ranked No. 87 on Bravo 's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments.[citation needed] Actor Steve Martin met Olivia Hussey at the première of his movie Roxanne and he said she was in one of his favourite movies of all time. Hussey initially thought he was referring to Romeo and Juliet, but was surprised when Martin said it was Black Christmas, and that he had seen the film 27 times.[citation needed]

Remake[edit]
A remake of the film directed by Glen Morgan was released on 25 December 2006. It is loosely based on the original film, containing more graphic content and a focus into the past of Billy. Andrea Martin was the only original cast member to appear in the film. Bob Clark served as an executive producer. It was poorly received by critics.