A Night in Tunisia

"A Night in Tunisia" or "Night in Tunisia" is a musical composition written by Dizzy Gillespie circa 1941-2 while Gillespie was playing with the Benny Carter Band. It has become a jazz standard.

It is also known as "Interlude",[2] under which title it was recorded (with lyrics) by Sarah Vaughan (from the EP "Hot Jazz", 1953) and Anita O'Day. Gillespie himself called the tune "Interlude" and says "some genius decided to call it 'Night in Tunisia'".[3] It appears as the title track of 30 CDs and is included in over 500 currently available CDs. In January 2004, The Recording Academy added the Dizzy Gillespie & his Sextet’s 1946 Victor recording to its Grammy Hall of Fame.

"Night in Tunisia" was one of the signature pieces of Gillespie's bebop big band, and he also played it with his small groups.

Gillespie said the tune was composed at the piano at Kelly's Stables in New York.[4] Strangely, on his live album A Night at Birdland Vol. 1, Art Blakey introduces his cover version with this statement: "At this time we'd like to play a tune [that] was written by the famous Dizzy Gillespie. I feel rather close to this tune because I was right there when he composed it in Texas on the bottom of a garbage can." The audience laughs, but Blakey responds, "Seriously." The liner notes say, "The Texas department of sanitation can take a low bow."[5]

Gillespie gave Frank Paparelli co-writer credit in compensation for some unrelated transcription work, however Paparelli actually had nothing to do with the song.[3]

Analysis
The complex bass line in the "A section" is notable for avoiding the standard walking bass pattern of straight quarter notes, and the use of oscillating half-step-up/half-step-down chord changes (using the Sub V) gives the song a unique, mysterious feeling. The B section is notable for having an unresolved minor II-V, since the chord progression of the B section is taken from the B section of the standard "Alone Together, " causing the V chord to lead back into the Sub V of the A section. Like many of Gillespie's tunes, it features a short written introduction and a brief interlude that occurs between solo sections — in this case, a twelve-bar sequence leading into a four-bar break for the next soloist.

Cover versions and adaptations
One of its most famous performances is Charlie Parker's recording for Dial. (Dial released a fragmentary take of it with the title "The Famous Alto Break". See Charlie Parker's Savoy and Dial Sessions for more info.) The tune also became closely identified with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, who often performed it.

It has been covered in various styles by various artists, including:

Count Basie Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers in 1957 and 1960 Anthony Braxton Clifford Brown Ray Brown Trio Rusty Bryant Don Byas June Christy Miles Davis Gigi Gryce Yusef Lateef Ibrahim Maalouf Stefano di Battista Paquito D'Rivera[6] Bill Evans and Tony Scott Maynard Ferguson Ella Fitzgerald Stan Getz Dexter Gordon Kids These Days Bobby McFerrin with The Manhattan Transfer featuring Joe Williams Lambert, Hendricks & Ross The Modern Jazz Quartet Charlie Parker PE'Z Bud Powell Nelson Rangell Sonny Rollins Poncho Sanchez Les Double Six in 1962 Michel Camilo Arturo Sandoval Jimmy Smith The Slackers Supersax Cal Tjader The Toasters Lennie Tristano The Turtle Island String Quartet Frank Vignola Victor Wooten Big Sugar Sylvain Luc Tuxedo Junction Roland Dyens Snowboy and the Latin Section Wes Montgomery George Wallington Band Hugh Masekela - I Am Not Afraid Chaka Khan included a version of the tune (with a guest appearance by Gillespie himself as well as an electronically altered sample of Parker's "The Famous Alto Break") on What Cha' Gonna Do for Me. The song was a part of the Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps show in 1997. In 2013, the song was featured prominently in the TNT mini-series Mob City, sung by a female vocalist during an extended nightclub scene.